The 100 A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History By Michael H. Hart 1993
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The 100 A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History By Michael H. Hart 1993
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- 1993
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- The 100 A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons In History By Michael H. Hart 1993 Ranking 1. Muhammad 3 2. Isaac Newton 11 3. Jesus Christ 17 4. Buddha 22 5. Confucius 27 6. St. Paul 31 7. Ts'ai Lun 36 8. Johann Gutenberg 42 9. Christopher Columbus 47 10. Albert Einstein 52 II. Louis Pasteur 60 12. Galileo Galilei 64 13. Aristotle 70 14. Euclid 75 15. Moses 79 ., . 16 . Charles Darwin 82 17. Shih Huang Ti 87 18. Augustus Caesar 92 19. Nicolaus Copernicus 99 20. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 103 21. Constantine the Great 107 22. James Watt III 23. Michael Faraday 115 24. James Clerk Maxwell 119 25. Martin Luther 123 26. George Washington 129 27. Karl Marx 133 28. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright 138 29. Genghis Khan 144 30. Adam Smith 148 31. Edward de Vere (better known as "William Shakespeare") 152 32. John Dalton 170 33. Alexander the Great 174 34. Napoleon Bonaparte 181 35. Thomas Edison 188 36. Antony van Leeuwenhoek 192 37. William T. G. Morton 195 ·38. Guglielmo Marconi 201 39. Adolf Hitler 205 40. Plato 213 41. Oliver Cromwell 217 42. Alexander Graham Bell 222 43. Alexander Fleming 225 44. John Locke 228 45. LudWig van Beethoven 232 46. Werner Heisenberg 236 47. Louis Daguerre 240 48. Simon Bolivar 244 49. Rene Descartes 248 50. Michelangelo 254 51. Pope V rban II 258 52. 'Vmar ibn al-Khattab 261 53. Asoka 266 54. St. Augustine 268 55. William Harvey 273 56. Ernest Rutherford 277 57. John Calvin 281 58. Gregor Mendel 286 59. Max Planck 291 60. Joseph Lister 294 6l. Nikolaus August Otto 297 62. Francisco Pizarro 303 63. Hernando Cortes 309 64. Thomas Jefferson 315 65. Queen Isabella I 322 66. Joseph Stalin 328 67. Julius Caesar 336 68. William the Conqueror 341 69. Sigmund Freud 348 70. Edward Jenner 351 7l. William Conrad Rontgen 355 72. Johann Sebastian Bach 359 73. Lao Tzu 363 74. Voltaire 367 75. Johannes Kepler 373 76. Enrico Fermi 377 77. Leonhard Euler 381 78. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 385 79. N iccolo Machiavelli 390 80. Thomas Malthus 395 8l. John F. Kennedy 399 82. Gregory Pincus 403 83. Mani 408 84. Lenin 414 85. Sui Wen Ti 420 86. Vasco da Gama 424 87. Cyrus the Great 432 88. Peter the Great 439 89. Mao Zedong 445 90. Francis Bacon 450 9l. Henry Ford 456 92. Mencius 461 93. Zoroaster 464 94. Queen Elizabeth I 468 95. Mikhail Gorbachev 475 96. Menes 488 97. Charlemagne 491 98. Homer 498 99. Justinian I 502 100. Mahavira 506 HONORABLE MENTIONS AND INTERESTING MISSES 509 St. Thomas Aquinas 511 Archimedes 511 Charles Babbage 512 Cheops 514 Marie Curie 515 Benjamin Franklin 516 Mohandas Gandhi 518 Abraham Lincoln 519 Ferdinand Magellan 520 Leonardo da Vinci 521
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The 100 A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons In History By Michael H. Hart 1993
Ranking
1. Muhammad 3
2. Isaac Newton 11
3. Jesus Christ 17
4. Buddha 22
5. Confucius 27
6. St. Paul 31
7. Ts'ai Lun 36
8. Johann Gutenberg 42
9. Christopher Columbus 47
10. Albert Einstein 52
II. Louis Pasteur 60
12. Galileo Galilei 64
13. Aristotle 70
14. Euclid 75
15. Moses 79
. ,. 16 . Charles Darwin 82
17. Shih Huang Ti 87
18. Augustus Caesar 92
19. Nicolaus Copernicus 99
20. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 103
21. Constantine the Great 107
22. James Watt III
23. Michael Faraday 115
24. James Clerk Maxwell 119
25. Martin Luther 123
26. George Washington 129
27. Karl Marx 133
28. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright 138
29. Genghis Khan 144
30. Adam Smith 148
31. Edward de Vere (better known as
"William Shakespeare") 152
32. John Dalton 170
33. Alexander the Great 174
34. Napoleon Bonaparte 181
35. Thomas Edison 188
36. Antony van Leeuwenhoek 192
37. William T. G. Morton 195
·38. Guglielmo Marconi 201
39. Adolf Hitler 205
40. Plato 213
41. Oliver Cromwell 217
42. Alexander Graham Bell 222
43. Alexander Fleming 225
44. John Locke 228
45. LudWig van Beethoven 232
46. Werner Heisenberg 236
47. Louis Daguerre 240
48. Simon Bolivar 244
49. Rene Descartes 248
50. Michelangelo 254
51. Pope V rban II 258
52. 'Vmar ibn al-Khattab 261
53. Asoka 266
54. St. Augustine 268
55. William Harvey 273
56. Ernest Rutherford 277
57. John Calvin 281
58. Gregor Mendel 286
59. Max Planck 291
60. Joseph Lister 294
6l. Nikolaus August Otto 297
62. Francisco Pizarro 303
63. Hernando Cortes 309
64. Thomas Jefferson 315
65. Queen Isabella I 322
66. Joseph Stalin 328
67. Julius Caesar 336
68. William the Conqueror 341
69. Sigmund Freud 348
70. Edward Jenner 351
7l. William Conrad Rontgen 355
72. Johann Sebastian Bach 359
73. Lao Tzu 363
74. Voltaire 367
75. Johannes Kepler 373
76. Enrico Fermi 377
77. Leonhard Euler 381
78. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 385
79. N iccolo Machiavelli 390
80. Thomas Malthus 395
8l. John F. Kennedy 399
82. Gregory Pincus 403
83. Mani 408
84. Lenin 414
85. Sui Wen Ti 420
86. Vasco da Gama 424
87. Cyrus the Great 432
88. Peter the Great 439
89. Mao Zedong 445
90. Francis Bacon 450
9l. Henry Ford 456
92. Mencius 461
93. Zoroaster 464
94. Queen Elizabeth I 468
95. Mikhail Gorbachev 475
96. Menes 488
97. Charlemagne 491
98. Homer 498
99. Justinian I 502
100. Mahavira 506
HONORABLE MENTIONS AND INTERESTING MISSES 509
St. Thomas Aquinas 511
Archimedes 511
Charles Babbage 512
Cheops 514
Marie Curie 515
Benjamin Franklin 516
Mohandas Gandhi 518
Abraham Lincoln 519
Ferdinand Magellan 520
Leonardo da Vinci 521
SOME FINAL COMMENTS
Since the men and women in this book have had such a tremendous
effect on the world we live in, it might be interesting to examine
some characteristics of the group as a whole.
The first thing that we notice is that a large majority of
them come from Europe. (A statistical breakdown of their places
of origin can be found in Table A.) From that table, it appears
that the British have made a greater contribution to human civilization
than have the people of any other region or nation. It is
interesting to note that, of the eighteen British on this list, no
fewer than five came from Scotland. (All five, in fact, are in the
top half of this list.) Since the Scots constitute only about oneeighth
of one percent of the world's population, this represents a
truly astonishing concentration of talent and achievement.
As can be seen from Table B, the persons on this list are not
distributed uniformly throughout recorded history. On the contrary,
an unusually large number of them flourished during the
sixth to third centuries B. c. After that, there was a long period of
quiescence. However, starting in the fifteenth century, conditions
were again ripe for progress-or at least for change-and
succeeding centuries have supplied an increasing number of
names to this list. (It is still too early, of course, to tell whether
our own century will ultimately make as many outstanding contributions
as the nineteenth century did.)
History books often devote most of their space to a discussion
of political events. In my opinion, however, scientific advances
have done far more to shape the world we live in, and it is
therefore no accident that there are more scientists and inventors
on this list than there are political or military leaders. Table C
shows how many people in this book were involved in each of the
major categories of human endeavor.
Since quite a few of the religious leaders have been ranked
near the top of my list, Table C (which merely considers the
number of persons in each category and ignores their positions on
the list) somewhat underrates the importance of religion in
human affairs. Conversely, Table C somewhat overestimates the
importance of political events, since the majority of the political
figures in this book are on the lower half of the list.
It is interesting to note that at least nineteen of the people on
this list never married. (Since data is not available on everybody,
the actual figure may be slightly higher.) That is a surprisingly
high figure for a group whose members seem to have been, for
the most part, more prosperous and healthy than the general
population.
Even of those who married, not all had offspring. At least
twenty-six persons on this list appear to have had no children. In
addition, there are several persons who had children, but whose
line is known to have died out within a generation or two.
Though information is not available in every instance-and
though the possibility of illegitimate offspring can never be
excluded-it appears likely that only about half the people in this
book have any living descendants.
All of the people on this list, of course, were highly intelligent,
and the majority of them were well educated. Only
seven of them were illiterate, most of those achieving their fame
as military leaders.
Finally, we might mention the curious fact that at least ten
of the persons on this list suffered from gout, a figure enormously
out of proportion to the incidence of the disease in the general
population. The high frequency of gout among great men has
aroused the interest of medical researchers
- Addeddate
- 2022-04-30 08:45:52
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